How does urea remove dead skin?

Urea has two useful jobs. It is a humectant, meaning it attracts and holds water, and a keratolytic, meaning it softens the hardened outer layer so it can come away from the surface. Urea is naturally present in healthy skin, but dry skin conditions have reduced amounts.12

Dry skin loses too much water and oil and can become scaly, itchy or finely cracked. Urea moisturizers are one option for treating that dryness. Creams and lotions are both moisturizers, despite the skincare aisle's commitment to making every noun a separate department.34

Which strength should you choose?

Urea strengthTypical use
5%Ongoing care when dry skin still needs help shedding hardened skin.
10%Intensive treatment of very dry, thickened skin; also used for maintenance after treatment with a stronger heel balm.
25%Initial treatment of callused, hard foot skin in heel balms.
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The treatment area matters: 10% can be an intensive treatment for dry, thickened skin but a maintenance option after stronger foot treatment. Once the thickening improves, a standard moisturizer can be enough, or 5% urea if continued skin softening is needed. Choose a cream by its ingredients rather than its price, since the price tag is not doing the moisturizing.245

How do you use urea cream?

  1. 1Wash with lukewarm water and a gentle cleanser without dyes or perfume.
  2. 2Pat dry rather than rubbing. For dry skin moisturizing, leave the skin slightly damp and apply moisturizer within three minutes of bathing.
  3. 3Apply the cream to the dry area. For corns or calluses, apply a moisturizing cream containing urea every day to the thickened patch and surrounding dead skin.
  4. 4Keep using moisturizer after baths or showers. For sensitive skin, choose a formula without fragrance or botanicals.
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Which foot creams remove dead skin?

Urea and ammonium lactate creams soften hard foot skin over time. Examples of 25% urea heel balms include Dermatonics ONCE Heel Balm and Flexitol 25% Urea Heel Balm. For a typical callus, soaking the foot in warm water for five to 10 minutes before gently using a wet pumice stone can also remove dead tissue. Do not file away enough skin to cause bleeding, and never cut or shave a callus with a sharp object.56

Calluses develop in response to repeated pressure and friction. Properly fitting shoes and protective padding help address the cause; removing the buildup alone does not remove the rubbing.6

What if the rough skin is keratosis pilaris?

Keratosis pilaris, or KP, causes rough bumps when keratin, a skin protein, builds up around hair follicles. Urea helps dissolve that buildup. KP treatments generally take weeks or months of consistent use to make a noticeable difference, and symptoms can return when treatment stops. Short, lukewarm showers help avoid making the dryness and roughness worse.7

When should you stop or get medical advice?

  • Do not apply urea to broken, bleeding, infected or oozing skin, or areas with severe widespread redness. Keep it away from your eyes.
  • Urea can cause mild stinging, itching or a rash. Seek medical advice if these persist or become bothersome.
  • If you have diabetes, poor circulation, delicate skin or a tendency to infections, get medical advice rather than treating corns or calluses yourself.
  • Urea can increase the penetration of topical medicines such as corticosteroids. Check with your prescriber before combining them on the same area.
  • Emollient creams carry a fire risk. Keep their use in mind around ignition sources.
  • See a healthcare provider if dry skin does not improve with moisturizer and changes to washing.
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Where this answer comes from

  1. 1Ureadermnetnz.org
  2. 2netFormularytaysideformulary.scot.nhs.uk
  3. 3Dry skin: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopediamedlineplus.gov
  4. 4Choosing the Best Moisturizer for Dry Skinhealth.clevelandclinic.org
  5. 5netFormularynottinghamshireformulary.nhs.uk
  6. 6Corns and Calluses: Symptoms, Causes & Treatmentsmy.clevelandclinic.org
  7. 7What Are These Bumps on My Arms?health.clevelandclinic.org