Are niacinamide and niacin the same thing?

What is the difference?

For skincare, look for niacinamide or nicotinamide on the ingredient list. Read the full ingredient name before choosing a product, because nearly matching names are not a useful shopping assistant. For supplements, check the form rather than treating every product labelled vitamin B3 as interchangeable.12

Which one should you choose for skincare?

Niacinamide is the form used in skincare creams, gels and moisturizers. It can strengthen the skin barrier, the outer layer that helps hold moisture in, by reducing water loss. It can also improve uneven pigmentation, red blotchiness and fine lines. Its anti inflammatory action and ability to reduce sebum, the skin's oil, can help with acne.2

Useful results have been seen at modest concentrations: a 2% niacinamide moisturizer reduced oiliness over four to six weeks, while a 5% formula improved pigmentation, texture and fine lines over 12 weeks. These are examples of studied formulas, not a timetable for every serum. Niacinamide does not act as sunscreen or prevent sunburn.2

How do you use niacinamide?

Niacinamide comes in cleansers, moisturizers and serums, so a separate serum is not the only option. Choose a suitable product rather than collecting every format, because vitamin B3 does not need its own shelf.4

1. 1Start with a low concentration if your skin is sensitive; most skincare products contain 5% niacinamide or less.
2. 2If you are concerned about a reaction, apply a small amount to your forearm and wait 24 hours.
3. 3Use niacinamide once or twice daily after gentle cleansing. A serum can be mixed with moisturizer and applied together to the face and neck.

Niacinamide is generally well tolerated, including by some people who cannot tolerate topical retinoids or fruit acids. Rare reactions include itching, redness, mild burning and allergy. Stop using a product that causes a reaction. If twice daily acne gel causes excessive dryness, reduce use to once daily or every other day.24

Should you take a B3 supplement instead?

Dietary B3 helps the skin, nerves and digestive system function and helps convert food into energy. Foods including fish, poultry, legumes and enriched cereals supply it. A balanced, varied diet is the best way to meet daily vitamin needs.13

Speak with your healthcare provider before starting supplements. Too much niacin can raise blood sugar and damage the liver. Nicotinamide avoids nicotinic acid's flushing, but high doses still carry risks, including nausea and reported increases in blood sugar. Pregnancy and breastfeeding change nutritional requirements, so ask your provider about the appropriate amount.23