What can retinol help with?

Retinol is a form of vitamin A in the retinoid family. It is used to improve uneven skin tone, pigmentation and texture. Retinoid skincare can suit mild acne, mild pigmentation changes and mild fine lines. Retinol is available without a prescription; tretinoin and several other retinoids are prescription treatments. These names describe related ingredients, not interchangeable products. Choosing the least intense formula available and building up gradually is a better starting point than jumping straight to a stronger treatment. A retinol percentage is not always disclosed on packaging, so check rather than guessing from the product name.1

Test a small area before using it on your face

Try a little retinol on a small area first and check for redness or itching over the next couple of days. Home testing helps identify a product that causes a reaction before you apply it more widely. Use the amount and thickness you would normally apply, and leave a serum on rather than washing it away immediately. Do not scrub the test area. If the area becomes red, itchy or swollen, wash the product off gently and stop using it. A dermatologist can investigate reactions that keep happening or are difficult to trace to an ingredient.23

How do you apply the serum?

An evening routine can be just cleanser, retinol and moisturizer, rather than a skincare franchise with a supporting cast. Follow your bottle's directions for the amount to apply; the sequence below is general retinol guidance.2

  1. 1Wash with a gentle cleanser, then pat your skin dry. Do not scrub.
  2. 2Apply a thin layer of retinol. General guidance uses about a pea sized amount for the whole face, avoiding the eyes, mouth and nose.
  3. 3Finish with a facial moisturizer labeled noncomedogenic, meaning formulated not to clog pores.
  4. 4Start every other night for the first couple of weeks. Increase gradually only as your skin tolerates it.
2

What should you use with retinol?

Moisturizer belongs alongside retinol. If retinol is irritating, applying a thin layer of moisturizer first can provide a buffer while still allowing retinol to work. Avoid doubling up with a separate retinol cream when you already use a retinol serum. Choose products that complement each other instead of repeating the same active ingredient. Skip rough cleansing cloths and gritty exfoliating cleansers, which can irritate skin and damage its moisture barrier, the outer layer that keeps moisture in. If vitamin C is already part of your routine, use it in the morning and retinol in the evening.4

What changes in the morning?

Use broad spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every day, including cloudy days. UVA rays contribute to skin aging and can reach you through windows.4

Retinoids can make skin more sensitive to the sun. Seek shade, wear protective clothing and apply sunscreen to exposed skin. For sensitive skin, a sunscreen containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide is an option.1

How long do results take?

Retinol takes several weeks to produce visible changes. Fine lines and dark spots generally take months, rather than a few applications. Pimples can continue during the first couple of months, and skin can initially look worse. These are general retinol expectations, not a measured timeline for Skintific. Early breakouts and an irritated rash are not the same problem: redness, itching, burning and peeling need attention rather than being automatically dismissed as 'purging.'2

Who should avoid it or get advice first?

Do not use retinoids during pregnancy. Skin allergies, marked dryness, or substantial redness and inflammation are reasons to discuss alternatives with a dermatologist before starting. Irritation can trigger dark marks in darker skin, so introduce retinol slowly and use moisturizer. Moderate or severe acne scarring, or acne linked to menstrual periods or other hormonal changes, deserves a dermatologist's assessment rather than relying on a cosmetic serum.1

Retinoids can worsen eczema because of their drying effect and can irritate skin near the eyes or lips. If you already use a prescription retinoid, follow its own directions and check with the prescriber before adding this serum. Prescription retinoids have different approved uses, doses and precautions. Severe acne with deep nodules or cysts is not a situation for a retinoid alone. Adding cosmetic retinol does not replace an appropriate treatment plan.5

When should you stop?

If you develop a skin reaction, gently wash the product off and do not use it again. A cool compress or petroleum jelly can help relieve the area. See a dermatologist if the reaction is severe and these measures do not relieve it. Repeated reactions can require medical patch testing to identify the cause; an at home test cannot identify the responsible ingredient.3

Where this answer comes from

  1. 1Retinoid or retinol?aad.org
  2. 2Retinol: Cream, Serum, What It Is, Benefits, How To Usemy.clevelandclinic.org
  3. 3How to test skin care productsaad.org
  4. 4Anti-Aging Skin Care: Ingredients and Routinehealth.clevelandclinic.org
  5. 5Topical retinoids (vitamin a creams)dermnetnz.org